Business Plan for First Choice Car Rent

A woman torn Professor Ramos Blog

Woman Hollering/ A woman torn Cleofilas was battling two major issues. The pressure from opposition regarding stigmas about woman in her culture and the battle between her and her husband. Cleofilas is the only girl among six brothers, her father’s only daughter. She loves her telenovelas. She romanticizes love and idealizes her future husband. Her dad gives her away after a quick engagement to Juan Pedro. Shortly after, she is shocked to learn that he is abusive. Juan Pedro starts hitting her. Cleofilas is a passionate woman. She is full of emotion and dreams. From a young age she has known she has to live up to a certain image. This story is of a woman torn. Torn between having to live up to a stereotype and having to leave her husband. Torn between knowing what Mexican culture expects of women and learning the harsh realities of her circumstances. Even though she was expected to Cleofilas still wanted to get married. She was mesmerized by the ideal of love that soured. Loving so strongly that it was them or no one. She watched the telenovelas and loved watching Lucia in her dramatic love scenes. â€Å"Somehow one ought to live one’s life like that, don’t you think?† (Cisneros 45) Cleofilas said after watching Lucia sing the song â€Å"You or no one† in her favorite telenovela. What little girl doesn’t dream of her Prince Charming and her Wedding day and her Happily ever after? This part of the expectation she could handle. However certain parts of these expectations are impossible to live up to. For example, Cleofilas is from Mexico, over there, women are supposed to strive to be perfect like the virgin Mary. They could turn into La Llorona who drowned her children, or La Malinche who betrayed her country for love. These are the stereotypes woman have, only three bad options. Not only that but when woman from Mexico get married, they are married that’s it. They must deal with it. They must stay in the marriage no matter what. Even if there is infidelity or even violence. This is impossible to achieve therefore it becomes something she battles with. Marianismo is an aspect of the female gender role in the machismo of Hispanic American Folk Culture. It is the veneration for feminine virtues like purity and moral strength. This term derives from the catholic belief in Mary, mother of Jesus as both a virgin and a mother. She became a subject of veneration and admiration. From this is derived the idea that an ideal woman should be spiritually immaculate and eternally self-giving. (Wikipedia) This is an Ideal of Mexican/Latina culture, something engrained in woman from a young age. Marianismo is heavily engrained in the culture and yet another reason why feminism is needed. Marianismo can do a lot of damage to girls and woman. â€Å"We grow up afraid to get into trouble, even if it’s for a good cause. We grow up afraid period and allow boys and men to take the lead in nearly everything.† ( hiplatina.com/marianismo) There is nothing wrong with this, only with the notion that prevents girls from knowing they can be and do other things as well. (hiplatina.com/marianismo). This article describes the role of marianismo and how it is ultimately damaging to woman. Subtly letting them know they only have one role in life. Even from a young age she would retreat to the telenovelas. She loved watching those strong women in the spotlight. But now she couldn’t have her telenovelas, they didn’t have a tv. So, she read her love story, her book was the closest thing she had. Though now and again when her husband was away, she managed to watch a few episodes that were on at Soledad’s house. At least she has these few escapes, she needs them in order to deal with her other battle. Meanwhile, she found herself literally living between loneliness and pain. Her house was between the homes of two older woman named Soledad and Delores, whose names literally mean loneliness and pain. Both these ladies had lost loved ones and were still living with faded memories of the past. This situation wasn’t only literal, it was true in every sense of the word and made the battles that much harder. She was stuck here. Fighting these battles alone. Lonely and stuck she then learned her husband hit her. â€Å"The first time it happened she was so surprised she didn’t cry out or try to defend herself†, (Cisneros 47) Cleofilas explains after he hit her for the first time. She was shocked. She stood motionless and did nothing but reach to the heat on her mouth and stare at the blood on her hand. Sometimes in the morning before he opens his eyes, she thinks how this is the man she has waited her whole life for. She makes excuses for him; she tells herself he is a good man and reminds herself why she loves him. He weeps like a child, tears of repentance and shame after each time he strikes her. At first only with his hand then later throwing a book at her. She thinks up excuses to tell the doctor about why she has all those black and blue marks everywhere. She has to psych herself up to ask her husband to take her to her doctor appointment. She doesn’t complain about the abuse, it’s almost like she just goes along with it, accepting the way it is. Its as if she’s automatically complying with role of the stereotype. People do not understand how difficult it is to escape. No one on the outside knows what is happening because the abuser has the victim trapped and alone. (www.thehotline.org) Says Francesca in her story on her own abuse on the National Domestic Violence Hotline Website. Cleofilas had the same problem. She wasn’t allowed to drive. â€Å"Because the towns here are built so that you have to depend on husbands. Or you stay home.† (Cisneros 51) She was describing her situation. Even if she wanted to leave there was no place to go. She can’t go back though, not to those never-ending chores and six good for nothing brothers. Even though her father did say he would never abandon her. What would the neighbors say? All that gossip. â€Å"Where’s your husband?†, (Cisneros 50) those women would ask in the snobby busybody way woman do. The fear of people knowing she failed was always in the back of her mind. In the doctor’s office they noticed her bruises and her tears and helped her. She was afraid of him, even that day, afraid she might get caught trying to leave. She always remembered her father would never abandon her and she is his only daughter. She knew this was her chance, that she had to go. A ride to the bus station was arranged. She can go back home now. In these moments the weight of her battles is gone. Help is all she needed. A pickup truck pulled up to pick her up, it was her ride. Felice was her name; she was so independent. She didn’t even have a husband. The pickup was hers. She picked it out and was paying for it on her own. Her language was foul too. â€Å"what kind of talk was that coming from a woman.† (Cisneros 55) Cleofilas was amazed, this woman was independent. She was not weighed down by Marianismo, she was free to be herself. As they drove over the bridge, she knew she was free. Cisneros, Sandra/ Woman Hollering Creek/ New York/ Vintage/ 1991 Blossom, Priscilla. â€Å"We need to talk about marianismo†. Hiplatina.com. N.p. 13 March 2018. Web hiplatina.com/marianismo/ 07 July 2019. Francesca. Francesca’s story. â€Å"The national domestic violence hotline†. National domestic violence hotline. 30 Sept 2013. Web. www.thehotline.org 07 July 2019 Wikipedia contributors. â€Å"Marianismo†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation. 14 June 2019, en.Wikipedia.org/w/index.php?tittle=marianismooldid=901848126

Access to Healthcare Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Access to Healthcare - Research Proposal Example When mention is made of access to healthcare, the norm has been to generalise the term to mean the reception of health services (Hendriks, 2007). The researcher sees this as a major problem that gives rise to the existing problem whereby none of the existing healthcare reforms seem to be solving the problem of access to health care for citizens. This is because there has not been any conscious effort aimed at finding the different variables that make up the components of access to healthcare to the ordinary American. In the opinion of Susser (2013), a refusal to distinguish between variables such as quality, affordability, coverage, and comprehensiveness remains a major limitation in the healthcare system. This position is shared by the researcher because healthcare reforms that have been used over the years only seem to tackle one of these variables at a time, thereby never solving the issue of access to healthcare in a holistic manner. Using the Patient Protection an Affordable Care Act (PPACA) passed in 2011 as an example, it would be noted that this reform focuses on coverage options (Access to Healthcare, 2014). Because of this, emphasise has been placed on increasing the number of insured American and reducing the number of insured Americans. But as this approach to access is taken from the perspective of coverage and affordability, the issues of quality and availability continues to exist. For example, under the PPACA, the problem of access to affordable care will be exacerbated by limited community based resources that provide preventive services, primary care access and ongoing care for patients with chronic conditions. As the number of insured citizens also increase, no one really seem to be thinking about how to make health facilities that are equipped with the right infrastructure and personnel to them. In the long run, access to healthcare services in the U.S. becomes regarded as unreliable and prohibit s people from

JPMorgan Chase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

JPMorgan Chase - Essay Example The Commission enforces its authority also by bringing â€Å"civil enforcement actions† against those who violate the securities laws (SEC, n.d.). On the other hand, the SEC as an overseer, watches over â€Å"the key participants in the securities world,† which include â€Å"securities exchanges, securities brokers and dealers, investment advisors, and mutual funds† and heads in advancing â€Å"the disclosure of important market-related information, maintaining fair dealing, and protecting against fraud† (SEC, n.d.). The SEC also persistently works with the participants of the major market as well as investors in the securities markets to take note of their concerns and experiences (SEC, n.d.). The primary responsibilities of the Commission include: interpreting and enforcing â€Å"federal securities laws†; issuing â€Å"new rules and amending existing rules†; overseeing the examination of â€Å"securities firms, brokers, investment advisers , and ratings agencies†; overseeing â€Å"private regulatory organizations in the securities, accounting, and auditing fields†; and coordinating â€Å"U.S. securities regulation with federal, state, and foreign authorities† (SEC, n.d.). The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) on the other hand, is mandated â€Å"to regulate commodity futures and option markets in the United States† (US CFTC, n.d.). ... 2. Determine the elements of a valid contract, and discuss how consumers and banks each have a duty of good faith and fair dealing in the banking relationship. The elements of a valid contract are â€Å"parties competent to contract, a proper or lawful subject matter, consideration, mutuality of agreement or assent, and mutuality of obligation† (Henke v. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 83 F.3d 1445 (D.C. Cir. 1996); Foundation Telecommunications, Inc. v. Moe Studio, Inc., 341 Ark. 231, 16 S.W.3d 531 (2000); Mallory v. City of Detroit, 181 Mich. App. 121, 449 N.W.2d 115 (1989); Rhode Island Five v. Medical Associates of Bristol County, Inc., 668 A.2d 1250 (R.I. 1996). It may also be â€Å"offer, acceptance, and consideration† (Gatlin v. Methodist Medical Center, Inc., 772 So. 2d 1023 (Miss. 2000); Sauner v. Public Service Authority of South Carolina, 354 S.C. 397, 581 S.E.2d 161 (2003); Shaw v. Smith, 964 P.2d 428 (Wyo. 1998). In every contract, there is always â€Å"an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing† (Lloyd Noland Foundation, Inc. v. City of Fairfield Healthcare Authority, 837 So. 2d 253 (Ala. 2002); Wells Fargo Bank v. Arizona Laborers, Teamsters and Cement Masons Local No. 395 Pension Trust Fund, 201 Ariz. 474, 38 P.3d 12 (2002), as corrected, (Apr. 9, 2002)), where â€Å"neither party shall do anything† which would destroy or injure â€Å"the right of the other party to receive the fruits of the contract† (Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc. v. PBL Consultants, 136 Ariz. 415, 666 P.2d 515 (Ct. App. Div. 2 1983); Okun v. Morton, 203 Cal. App. 3d 805, 250 Cal. Rptr. 220 (2d Dist. 1988); Dunfee v. Baskin-Robbins, Inc., 221 Mont. 447, 720 P.2d 1148 (1986); Spanish Oaks, Inc. v.

STRATEGIES USED BY THE POLICE TO DEAL WITH ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION IN Research Paper

STRATEGIES USED BY THE POLICE TO DEAL WITH ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION IN BETHLEHEM, FREE STATE - Research Paper Example 72). The sample size is chosen as 20 police personnel from the Namibian Police and the Ethiopian Police departments. The sample size is chosen such because this is adequately representative of the entire population (Moore and McCabe, 2005, p. 136). A purposive sampling process is used for choosing the sample size which is a non-probability sampling process. This sampling process focuses on identifying the sample group which has the characteristics most relevant to the research (Creswell, 1994, p. 52). The collected data for the semi structured interviews are analysed to suitably interpret them. The collected data are interpreted through the use of reasoning as well as comparative techniques of data analysis. Also, comprehending the responses and synthesising the responses with the research objectives is done for proper data analysis. The ethical considerations made in the research are in accordance to the policy of research ethics as defined by UNISA. The principles of human dignity, social justice, equality and morality are adequately considered in the report (Brynard and Hanekom, 1997, p. 69). The dignity and privacy of the participants as well as the groups on which the research is carried out are accordingly maintained. The methods of research and the data analysis techniques have been selected for the research after mapping the research objectives with the scopes and boundaries of the research (Jarrat, 1996). The research process is chosen to be qualitative with the use of semi structured interviews of a sample size selected by purposive sampling. This is deemed to be the most feasible and appropriate way for conducting this research in the social domain (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2007, p. 81). According to Amadou (2009), male initiation is common in South Africa (Amadou, 2009, p. 18). The initiation process is a tradition for passage to

The Role Of Customs And Excise Agency

The Role Of Customs And Excise Agency The rapid pace of globalisation is inevitable. Such a rapid global trade is driven by technological changes on transportation and communication, the increasing of population, and multilateral trade agreements. In some aspects, global trade has brought many benefits. It opens up a whole range of job opportunities to the citizens, provides affordable goods and services, accelerates economic growth and offers prosperity to the country. Then, participating in the global trade is desirable. Even though the gains from global trade are obvious, economist agree that the greatest gains go to the country that slashes its own barrier (World Trade Organizations, 2013). There are many forms of trade barrier such as tariffs, quotas, and antidumping duties that may impede market integrations. Thus, trade barriers have become a critical issue to be solved. Reducing tariffs and non-tariffs barriers have become a way to overcome trade barrier issues. However, this prescription has not always led developing countries to achieve desirable gains from global trade. Wulf (2005) pointed out that there are some factors that lead to the failure of many developing countries to generate economic benefits such as poor trade logistics environment and high transaction costs including customs clearance costs. Further, as the growth of global trade, the movement of people, goods, and services across around the globe has increased rapidly. It brings serious challenges in which demand some forms of revenue collection as well as border protection. In this point, Customs and Excise agency as one of key border agencies should take in place. Customs and Excise agency are expected to perform properly to meet the global trade challenges. Indonesia, the largest archipelago country in the world, has a strategic position across major sea lanes from Indian to Pacific Ocean. Its strategic position has led and fostered international trade. This country has become an attractive market because its large population, its economy size and its active membership in many regional trading arrangement (Salim, 2011). On the other hand, Indonesia is not only an attractive market for traders but also it becomes a potential hotspot for transnational organised crime. These situations demand some forms of effective border protection as well as revenue collection. In this point, Customs and Excise service has responsibilities to deal with the goods crossing the borders of the country, including counter illegal cross-border activities and tackle the cross-borders threats. It is clear that Custom and Excise agency, as a border control authority, needs to overcome these new challenges. Regarding to this issue, this paper will specifically discuss the role and responsibilities of Customs and Excise agency in Indonesia. To some extent this paper also discusses the challenges that Indonesian Customs and Excise agency will be faced as it moves toward 2020. The Role of Indonesian Customs and Excise Administration In general, Indonesian Customs has its roles as trade facilitator, industrial assistance, revenue collector, and community protector (Bea dan Cukai, 2013). As changes in the international trade pattern and the world have become borderless, trade will flow toward efficient environment where barriers in trade are eliminated. It seems that the global trade simultaneously requires an efficient and competitive market. As a consequence, many regional, bilateral, and multilateral trade initiatives are trying to reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers gradually. As the tariffs liberalisations are already implemented, Love and Lattimore (2009) stated that there are other main barriers of trade in developing countries, such as customs and administrative technical and procedures. Since 1994, Indonesia has adjusted its tariff to be in line with World Trade Organizations commitment (WTO, 1998). However, Indonesia-European Community (2007) pointed out that Indonesian government consistently fail to generate optimal revenues as well as offer a fair treatment for investors because of its governance problems, particularly in the customs and tax administrations. Similarly, Wakamatsu and Iwakami (2005, p. 14) pointed out that in Indonesia, customs and clearance as one of the major issues to be improved in the business and investment environment. It is clear that international trade requires efficient and effective as well as simple and clear customs procedure. In response to this challenge, Indonesian government has enacted Law Number 10 Year 1995 on Customs which later it is amended with Law Number 17 Year 2006 on the Amendment of Customs Law (Bea dan Cukai, 2013). In general, these two laws have led Customs and Excise agency to accommodate the demand of international trade as the consequence of Indonesias participation in the ratification of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and other trade agreements (Bea dan Cukai, 2013). Customs agency plays a significant role as a trade facilitator. The WTO defined trade facilitation as simplification and harmonization of international trade procedures, including activities, practices, and formalities involved in collecting, presenting, communicating and processing data and other information required for the movement of goods in international trade (WTO, 2001). Thus, carrying out its roles and responsibilities as trade facilitator requires effectiveness on customs clearance processing. In international trade, lengthy time on customs clearance does really matter. The more complicated its procedures will increase time delays on clearance, and it will increase costs of doing businesses. As a result, Indonesia will be less competitive in the international trade. Indonesian Customs has recognized this challenge. Reducing time delays on customs clearance as well as reducing the cost of doing business can be achieved by simplification and modernisation systems on customs clearance. Even though Indonesia has not signed The Revised Kyoto Convention yet, Indonesia has adopted some principles on Kyoto Convention, including simplification, harmonization and modernisation of Customs administrations. In 1997, Customs has started to use Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) system in which it provides an alternative for the client in the procedure of lodging a customs declaration (Bea dan Cukai, 2013). Later, in 2010, Indonesia has started to implement Indonesias National Single Window (INSW) as part of Indonesias commitment to ASEAN. The development of the INSW was driven by Indonesias commitments to ASEAN under the Agreement to Establish and Implement the ASEAN Single Window that was signed in 2006 (OECD 2012, p. 53). Through this single window, it would improve the flow of exports and imports. Bayhaqi (2011) pointed out that Indonesia has achieved significant rreductions in customs clearance time and technical control for both, imports and exports. For imports, the time taken to customs clearance decreased from seven days in 2006 to four days in 2010, while for exports, it decreased from two days in 2006 to one day in 2010 (Bayhaqi, 2011). However, due to its limitation on information technology systems and legal issues related to information transfer among government agencies and private sectors, the paperless trading through the INSW is only available for a relatively small group of about a hundred traders, which have advanced and qualified technology systems for post clearance audit facilities (OECD, 2012). In the future, Indonesia needs to accommodate and facilitate other traders to use INSW as well as establish cross-border paperless connection within ASEAN countries. Conservatively, the role of Customs agency is as a gate keeper to collect revenues. However, as the vast expansion in people and goods movement, the role of customs agency is not only to collect revenue but also to facilitate trade and protect the community. The needs of Customs agency can be varied among the countries, but in an archipelago country like Indonesia, Customs plays a critical role as the first line of defence against transnational crimes, smuggling, drugs trafficking, terrorisms, illegal fishing, illegal logging, and other illegal activities. As a timber producer, Indonesia has struggled with issues related to illegal logging. Luttrel et.al (2011) calculated that the government was losing US$600 million to US$ 8.7 billion per year because of illegally harvested timber activities. Scheyvens and Casero (2010) pointed out that there are many forms of illegal logging activities that against customs law such as exporting timber without a licence or proper documents, undervaluing export prices and volumes and misclassification or misdeclaration of word products, re-routing and trans-shipment fraud of cargo, attempted bribery, and so on. Goncalves et al. (2012, p. 12) stated that Customs officials play an important role in detecting illegal logging because they are in a position to prevent the movement of unauthorized shipments across borders with false documentation. On the other hand, Scheyvens and Casero (2010, p. vi) pointed out that Customs administrations have only a little or no external support or background information to assist them, except for customs declarations and accompanying documents. In another point of view, Scheyvens and Casero (2010) stated even though exporting countries have clear procedures for wood export permit and verification, its requirements for the clearance of wood product consignments are not well known by Customs agencies in importing countries. To some extent, Customs in the importing countries may not have powers to prosecute imports of illegal timber (Scheyvens and Casero, 2010). In order to overcome this issue, one of the approaches is to prevent the flow of illegal timber entering the importing countries. It can be achieved through Customs agencies co-operation and collaboration between exporters and importers countries. Thus, information sharing among Customs agencies is crucial. Indonesia itself has engaged in many regional Customs networks, and initiatives to combat illegal logging. Through World Customs Organization (WCO), APEC, Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) and Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) for example, illegal timber trade issues has been raised (Scheyvens and Casero, 2010). In bilateral level, Indonesia has arranged and signed a number of Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), such as United of Kingdom-Indonesia MoU and United of States-Indonesia MoU and to tackle illegal timber trade including various forms of Customs collaboration (Scheyvens and Casero, 2010). Cantham House in Goncalves et al. (2012) reported that in 2008, illegal logging has declined, but it still contributed around 40 to 55 per cent of all logging in Indonesia. Amacher et.al (2012) stated that the major obstacle in combating illegal logging is bribery and corruption of government officials. Further, Nelleman (2012) described that illegal logging syndicates might pay export fees on the timber, but they pay little tax from the actual logging through initial under-reporting. Transparency International (2011, p.3) pointed out that often corruption and fraud have been used to falsify valuable permits from the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Combating corruption across government agencies might become a big task. However, there is one small step to curb corruption: building the capacity of Customs. Transparency International (2011) pointed out that the improvement of Customs capacity will assist Customs officials to deal with any complex forms of fraud and corruption in the timber trade. Scheyvens and Casero (2010) stated that strengthening Customs integrity is necessary to combat corruption within Customs administrations. In general, there are ten elements of Customs integrity program under The Revised of Arusha Declaration, including transparency, automation, reform and modernization, audit and investigation, and relationship with the private sectors (McLinden, 2005). The implementation of these ten elements would be beneficial to curb corruption. Conclusion The role of Customs agency might be varied within countries. As the world is becoming borderless, the role of Customs agency in Indonesia has become more complex from revenue collector to trade facilitator and community protector. Carrying out its role as trade facilitator, Indonesian Customs has simplified, harmonized, and modernized its systems and procedures on customs clearance for both, exports and imports. The implementation of INSW aims to accelerate the customs clearance, reduce transaction costs and enhance national competitiveness. However, in the future, INSW needs to be improved to accommodate much more traders. Indonesian Customs has simultaneously made some efforts to combat the existence of illegal activities, particularly illegal logging. In response to this issue, Indonesia Customs has engaged in a number of international organizations as well as bilateral and multilateral agreement. As a result, the number of illegal logging has fallen, but it still has become an issue to be solved. One of the challenges is corruption issue within government agencies, including Customs agency. Thus, strengthening Customs integrity is becoming a crucial task as it is moving toward to 2020.

Safe :: Violence Crimes Safety Papers

Safe He had his hands full, but managed to find his key to the door at the First Year Center at Eastern Michigan University and let himself in. As he opened the door, a nice, well-dressed man came up behind him, holding the door to help him in. They entered the elevator together, and the man explained that he was there to surprise his girlfriend, a resident advisor on the third floor. The student with his arms full of bags nodded; he knew her, she was his R.A. Being a nice person, the man helped the student with all of his bags to his door and then asked a favor of him. He wanted the student to knock on his R.A.s door, because he really wanted to surprise her and wanted to jump out from the side of the door, so as not to be seen through the peephole. The student gladly helped him; he knocked, she answered, and the student started to walk away, letting the man take over. His R.A. gasped, he heard that, but then the door closed, and the student went back to his room happy to help wit h that surprise. Hours passed, and a knock at the door interrupted homework as the student who had long forgot about the man and his R.A. answered his door. It was his friend, who pulled him out in the hall. While pointing down the hall to the University police officers clearly handling the situation, the student was told about how there was an attack. Someone let the man in the building. The man was the R.A.’s ex-boyfriend. He beat her up and left. The surprise - the nice, well-dressed, helpful man; the bags in his hands and the holding of the door after being opened all came back to the student. He was the someone. He let the stranger in. Police reports, hospital visits, and emergency floor meetings followed. Thorough reviews of the University policies for living in residence halls and codes of conduct were all part of the next few days, all with an underlying message for all campus residents: safety (Kinkaid). This situation is just an example of the issues facing college students everyday, and a hard, fast reminder of the very real threat of violence on society.

A Place You Would Like to Visit or to Live in

There are beautiful places all around the world. We all enjoy the Mother Nature. It is a gift to us. I would like to visit and travel all around the world, but the place which is most appealing to me personally is Coimbatore, which is in southern India. It is a beautiful place with scenic views. It is famous for textiles and textile machineries, so it is called the Manchester of South India.The reason I like Coimbatore is for its educational institutions, industries and climate.Firstly, the educational system is one of the best in the country. There are over 63 colleges and universities in and around Coimbatore. For example: Some of them including PSG group of institutions, Avinashilingam university are really good in imparting good education and offer various branches in the field of arts, engineering, medicine etc. To settle down in a place like this, we don’t have to be worried about my family’s education.Secondly, Coimbatore is a place with black soil on earth; cott on grows well in this soil. So the industries are based on this. Coimbatore is one of the largest producers of textiles. Business is done in small and large scale industries, this gives job opportunities for many people around the place.Thirdly, the weather in this place is awesome and satisfying experience. For example: for the most part of the year it is cool and pleasant. Unlike other parts of India this is bordered by western Ghats on the western side, which is one of the vital reason for this climate.

Negotiation Outcome between Teachers Union and US Government

Negotiation Outcome between Teachers Union and US Government Our main goal was to stop the layoff of teachers, not to reduce prep time, increase salary, and possibly reduce workload on the teachers. The outcome of the negotiation was in favor of the teacher’s union. However, due to the constraint in the budget, many of our demands were not met. The board had a budget deficit of $188,6902, it was difficult for us to negotiation our demands of increasing the salary of the teachers.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Negotiation Outcome between Teacher’s Union and US Government specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The parents union was a strong third party influence that strongly opposed any form of strike or disruption of normal schooling. Therefore, the negotiation process went through a distributive form of procedure wherein the Board of Education, the teacher’s union, and the parents’ body together tried to solve the problem. The process was more int egrative as all parties wanted to come to a middle point wherein all their demands were satisfied to some extent . The bargaining process must be convergent and not divergent as this would increase individual differences of the negotiators and therefore no outcome would be possible to be reached. Negotiation is believed to be â€Å"non zero-sum game† wherein the outcome can be that of mutual gain and that is ensured through an integrative bargaining process . This process has been followed in out negotiation process, such that the outcome of the process is beneficial to all the parties involved. The distributive process involved in the negotiation is related to the distribution of pay, the ratio of teachers and pupils, the total number of employees in the school, the duration of the working day and the recall period. This aspect dominated the beginning of the negotiation process. However, the first phase of negotiation based on this approach did not end satisfactorily for eit her of the parties. This led to the use of an integrative process of negotiation in order to satisfy the requirements of both the parties. The integrative process of negotiation put forward the proposal of increasing the salary of the teachers through direct contributions made by the parents. Further this process also helped us finding innovative proposals to reduce the deficit in budget. According to the study conducted by Beersma and de Dreu integrative process of negotiation helps in deriving better outcome than distributive process and they also found that the former helps in creating better atmosphere for the bargaining process to take place.Advertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The teacher’s association employed a number of negotiating tools to achieve their goals. In doing so, the association consciously acknowledged and accepted the goal of the board to reduce the number of teachers and increase the productivity of the paper stationeries. In this respect a more cost effective means of sending the study material through emails to the students was suggested by the association in order to reduce the cost of printing. This helped the association and the board to reduce the cost of the materials, and therefore reduced the budget deficit considerably. As the budget deficit was the main reason for the disagreement between the parties, most of the time in the negotiating process was spent on this issue. The process of integrative negotiation led both the parties to agree on the errors that had occurred in pricing of the materials and therefore the budget deficit could further be reduced. There were other errors in calculation of the utilities that were reduced through the bargaining process. This process helped in reducing the deficit 47 percent of the initial deficit. This encouraged the association to dwell further, and look into the savings i n order to reduce deficit to zero. Due to the evident errors in the budget that were found in the process of the bargaining process, the association put forth a proposal for reviewing of the budget deficit presented by the board of education and make a more balanced deficit. However, this was not negotiated and agreed upon by the board who showed their reluctance in dealing with any further. Bias and bad intention during negotiation process can make the process redundant as such an unethical behavior would make the process useless . Such a behavior by the board put doubt regarding the intention of the board as has been indicated in the negotiation literature on ethical negotiation. The association was willing to loose on to financially in order to come across a better and more mutually beneficial negotiation. As Ertel believes that at times financial losses done intentionally during a negotiation process can become advantageous for the whole process.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Negotiation Outcome between Teacher’s Union and US Government specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Compromise in the final phase also indicates the intention of the parties to conclude a deal rather than stretching it indefinitely towards a deadlock . Therefore readiness of the teachers’ association and the board to accommodate and reconcile to few demands of the other party indicated their willingness to come to a mutually beneficial conclusion. Value creation is a necessary process for the both negotiating parties to achieve positive outcome . This was done by proposing that the administrative and the clerical staff to be reduced, and the teachers’ association offered to do extra administrative work. This was done by foregoing a lot of extra time and taking up extra load in order to reduce the budget deficit as showed by the board. This way, the teachers’ association would be able to k eep their members from being laid off, and increase the productivity of the board of education. Therefore the association was willingly accommodating many of the offerings of the board in order to make the negotiation process a success. Thus, the association was actually increasing the workload of the teachers by offering a cut of administrative and clerical staff. Such a move would increase the administrative duties of the teachers extensively. Accommodating largely is sometimes not correct as this may hamper the interest of the one’s own side, in this case, the teachers’ association itself. Therefore the board and the teachers’ association to a great extent achieved their interests and maintained their goal. However, I believe that the teachers’ association undertook too soft a stand and may have compromised to a great extent in order to reach a positive outcome. This section would answer the influence power and dynamics, team dynamics, and constituenci es played in reaching the outcome of the negotiating process. In this answer these categories would be treated differently, and demonstrate my involvement in the negotiating process. The negotiation that took place was from the point of view of the teachers’ association. I represented the teachers’ association in the negotiation process. The team decided to take a value creating stand, thereby, a lot of time was spent on reducing the budget deficit, which was presumed to be the root cause of t he whole situation.Advertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through the previous section demonstrates, during the negotiation process, the teachers’ association made excessive concession that may have made their demands too weak to be paid heed upon by the board. In many cases, the other party takes advantage of the party that fails to take a tough stand and therefore, fail to meet their own interests . This is what has been observed in case of the negotiation process of the teachers’ association. In this respect, a better approach would be not to consider value creation at the very beginning of the negotiating process. Rather, it would be important to engage in a wider aspect of negation process. The teachers’ association too easily agreed upon reducing the retirement age, increasing the pupil teacher ration that would inadvertently increase the workload on the teachers. Further, the teachers’ association also agreed upon increasing the workload further by doing a part of the administrative works themselves. Ther efore, the teachers’ association was willingly accepting a higher degree of workload instead of looking at the interest of the teachers, and just aiming for a positive closure to the negotiation process. Therefore, their suggestion actually would help the board to reduce to a great extent, but at the cost of the interest and greater effort put in by the teachers for similar remuneration. The teacher’s association did not utilize the parent’s association in the negotiating process. Parents’ association was a strong third party influence on the board who would have helped the teachers as they were in direct contact with them and not the board. The association could have utilized the parents’ body to help them getting an upper hand in the negotiation and deriving greater benefit for themselves. The parent’s association could have been utilized in attaining a few of the goals of the teachers’ association i.e. to maintain the number of tea chers at 400. This would have received wide support from the parent’s body, as they would want the quality of teaching not to be hampered due to the budgetary deficit that the board faced. Further, this would have been a helpful strategy to influence them to agree to parental contribution as a necessary factor in retaining the level of education imparted to the students and negating the possibility of an impending strike of the teachers. Thus, if the threat of a strike as a possibility could have been removed from the scenario, the parents’ body would have been more sympathetic to the cause of the teachers, and have helped them in achieving their goals. However, mutual trust was not built between the teachers’ association and the parent body to take up their cause together . Another area where the teachers’ association went wrong was in their ready acceptance of all the moves of the board. A powerful way of presenting one’s argument influences the other party and makes the argument heard . In the first phase when the board rejected most of the initial proposals of the association, a better stand would have been not stopping all negotiation, rather than a ready acceptance of the rejection. This put forth a message to the board that the teachers’ association was ready to accept whatever they were willing to shell out. The teachers’ association totally sidelined their BATNA strategy and employed an integrative strategy that made their stance softer. A negotiation process is said to pass through four phases – â€Å"relational positioning, identifying the problem, generating solutions, and reaching agreement† . Traditionally, researchers have hypothesized that negotiation in relation to power such that higher degree of power for one party led to greater positive return for the side. However, more successful negotiation processes are found to move away from a power positioning to a more cooperative and c oordinating stand . In this respect, the stand of the teachers’ association was correct, as they from the very beginning did not entail in power play. Their positioning was to understand the situation and put forth their argument in relation to the other party’s reasoning. However, many believe that the process of negotiation is best done when it is broadly divided into two distinct stages – competitive in the first phase and cooperative in the second and some believe it should be done in a three staged process of conflict, tactical manipulation, and final agreement. In case of the teachers’ association, none of these possible processes were adhered to. Rather, they followed a softer stand of just being overtly cooperative from the very beginning of the negotiation process. Competitiveness in the negotiation process is a necessity. Many researchers believe that even when the negotiators are employing a cooperative attitude towards the process, they will c ontinuously employ competitive strategies to create greater value for themselves . The teachers’ association failed to employ the advantage they had in form of the parents’ body and could have used them to get greater value from the negotiating process. In many other cases, the negotiators of the association were too cooperative to the board, and therefore, failed to gain advantage out of the situation. The outcome of the negotiation could be divided into tangible and intangible outcomes. The intangible outcomes included that the board offered a position in the board for one representative from the teachers’ association. Howe, the teachers’ association feels that this proposition is not a very attractive offer as this would provide a minority place for the association in the board, and their voice would be lost. In tangible benefits, the material cost was reviewed by the board, and they proposed that the teacher to pupil ratio be increased in order to red uce material cost further. This again negated our stand of reducing cost through online system. However, the board was resistant to this point as they were unwilling to pay for a new IT system, and they had to raise money from the parents’ body that would be unwilling to do so. The other proposition that the board put forth was to go on a joint effort to increase the awareness for greater taxes and funding to develop the education system. This is a point that both that parties have agreed upon. The overall result of the negotiation process suggests that both the parties have reached a settlement. Both agree upon that no teachers would be laid off, and there was an increase of 5 percent annual salary of the teachers. The teacher’s salary now became $20,562,311. However, there was an increase in the workload of the teachers by 50 minutes per day. In addition, the pre-time was reduced. Further, as suggested by the teachers’ association, some changes were brought fo rth in the budget deficit. First, transportation that earlier was free, was made chargeable, and therefore the deficit was reduced by $1291430. Second, online system for imparting study material and reviewing class work reduced the excessive cost of stationary also decreased cost by 1 million. Further, there was found to be a misreporting of the local income in the deficit, and therefore that was increase by $800,000. On working out on these areas, the negotiating process helped both the parties to come across means of turning the possible deficit into a surplus, by making the above agreed upon changes. Therefore, the outcome of the negotiation value creating however was tilted on the side of the board, as in many cases soft bargaining strategies led the association to loose on their value . The overall outcome of the negotiation process was partially successful for the teachers’ association. They prevented the major hurdles that they faced and that was of layoff. No teachers were laid off, therefore, making their association strong. Further, they were also able to increase the salary by increasing CPI by 5 percent. The most important success of the association was in avoiding a strike that would have been a loss to all the parties. They reached a quick outcome, even though many researchers believe that a quick outcome may lead to reduction in creation of value . The tactics that was followed was to increase the benefits derived by the negotiators and increase the value created for both the parties. The aim was therefore to create the maximum possible value by generating greater value for the board. The ideas was to create value for both the parties by looking at the relative benefit of the opposing party following research outcome of Sebenius . In the initial stage both the parties were interested in optimizing their personal value; however, the situation should have been to maximum mutual value . One area that the association did not pay any stress on was equating the salary of the teachers with that of the teachers in the surrounding localities. This should have been a vital and stressful argument, as it could have been substantiated with statistical figures. However, the association revealed its priority on maintaining the job level rather than increase in salary, this outcome could have been achieved for the benefit of the teachers. therefore, the teachers association failed to employ any stand for itself in terms of self-defense and in term of fairness, as they willfully accepted what was given to them by the board. However, researchers believe that self-defense and question of fairness is a necessity for negotiation . In conclusion, the outcome was mutually beneficial; however, the association may have taken a stronger stand at the initial phase of the negotiating process, to maximize its value. References Adair, W.L. Brett, J.M., 2005. The Negotiation Dance: Time, Culture, and Behavioral Sequences in Negotiation. Organiza tion Science, 16(1), p.33–51. Barry, B. Friedman, R.A., 1998. Bargainer Characteristics in Distributive and Integrative Negotiation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(2), pp.345-59. Bazerman, M.H., Chugh, D. Banaji, M.R., 2005. When Good People (Seem to) Negotiate in Bad Faith. Harvard Business Review, pp.3-5. Beersma, B. de Dreu, C., 2002. Integrative and Distributive Negotiation in Small Groups: Effects of Task Structure, Decision Rule, and Social Motive. Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 87(2), pp.227-52. Colosi, T., 1983. A Core Model of Negotiation. American Behavorial Scientist, 27(2), pp.229-53. Ertel, D., 2004. Getting Past Yes. Harvard Business Review, 82, pp.60-68. Forester, J., 2004. Responding to Critical Moments with Humor, Recognition, and Hope. Negotiation Journal, 20(2), pp.221-37. Lax, D. Sebenius, J., 1986. The Negotiators Dilemma: Creating and Claiming Value. New York: McGrawHIill. Lax, D.A. Sebenius, J.K., 2010. Sol ve Joint Problems to Create and Claim Value. In R.J. Lewicki, R. Lewicki, B. Barry D. Saunders, eds. Negotiation: Readings, Excercises, and Cases. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp.97-111. Lussier, R. Achua, C., 2010. Leadership: Theory, Application Skill Development. 4th ed. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Mannix, E.A., Thompson, L.L. Bazerman, M.H., 1989. Negotiation in small groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(3), pp.508-17. Morley, I.E. Stephensen, J.M., 1977. The Social Psychology of Bargaining. London, U.K.: Allen Unwin. Provis, C., 2000. Ethics, Deception and Labor Negotitation. Journal of Busienss Ethics, 28, pp.145-58. Sebenius, J., 2001. Six Habits of Merely Effective Negotiators. Harvard Business Review, 79, pp.87-95. Tannen, D., 1995. The Power of Talk: Who gets Heard adn Why? Harvard Business Review, pp.137-48. Thompson, L., 2005. The mind and heart of the negotiator. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Zaheer, A., McEvily, B. Perrone, V., 1998. Does T rust Matter? Exploring the Effects of Interorganizational and Interpersonal Trust on Performance. Organization Science, 9(2), pp.141-59.

Yahoo Versus Survivors of the Holocaust Essay Essay Example

Yahoo Versus Survivors of the Holocaust Essay Essay Example Yahoo Versus Survivors of the Holocaust Essay Paper Yahoo Versus Survivors of the Holocaust Essay Paper The instance Yahoo versus Survivors of the Holocaust is based on a case that was made by a group of French Nazi concentration cantonment subsisters against the website yokel. com for the auction of Nazi stuffs and other hatred related contents. The Holocaust subsisters sued the company in a Gallic tribunal after the US based Yahoo Company refused to react to the warnings block entree to neo-Nazi contents on its US based waiters. The instance was targeted towards impeaching CEO of Yahoo Timothy Koogle as responsible for the controversial auctioning of Nazi artefacts on the Yahoo web site and if he is found guilty he faces possible captivity in France. The instance besides provides information on the point. com clang which had a negative impact on Yahoo’s public presentation which experienced serious diminution alongside other companies in the advertisement budget. In April 2001. Yahoo suffered a 42 % diminution in advertisement gross which led to mass hegira of the company’s prima staff and threatened to replace Koogle. The instance besides indicate out that Yahoo France which was established in 1996 as a subordinate of Yahoo International portions similar organisational construction. same expression. and tailored its contents harmonizing to local gustatory sensations. It is hence. a shared system whereby information that comes up on the company’s US site besides shows up on the Gallic site. Therefore. there was a challenge in making a planetary trade name that is able to accommodate to accommodate local gustatory sensations. In this instance. the challenge of a shared web site has led to a case which was put together in April 2000. La Ligue Contre le Racisme et l’Antisemitisme ( LICRA ) and the Gallic Judaic Students filed a case against the US based company Yahoo. for posting Nazi-era contents for sale on the company’s auction site. Yahoo responded to the case by countersuing LICRA with the US District tribunal for go againsting of constitutional rights of free address in the US. Analyze the chances and menaces of Yahoo set uping subordinates in foreign states which maintain bulk ownership. Yahoo International has developed subordinates that are suited for the company image as a major MNC working in Information Technology ( IT ) . Thecompany is set uping subordinates in foreign states around the universe so that they can keep bulk ownership. For case. in Yahoo France. the contents are tailored to suit local civilization through specific contents such as athleticss classs focused on Tour de France. universe cup association football and the Gallic Decathlon ; while in the UK these classs focused on rugger. cricket. and equestrian events. Yahoo subordinates besides enjoy the chances of bulk ownership which allows the MNC to profit from IT promotion and easiness of transit which makes it easier for the place and host state to hold an effectual international concern. An illustration of the expected experience of Yahoo subordinates right to keep bulk ownership is similar to MTV web International. the music channel operation that reaches 1 billion people in 18 different lingui stic communications and 164 states ; MTV direction assures host states that they are non in the concern of exporting American civilization. they point out their policy of 70 % local content ( Fatehi. 2008 ) . Like MTV Network International. Yahoo International is progress in that it has developed 24 international sites in 13 linguistic communications. in each of its international markets Yahoo built independent directories of local linguistic communication web sites and other contents. The company yokel is able to profit this manner by pulling 40 % users from foreign states. However. the menaces of holding Yahoo in foreign subordinates which maintain bulk ownership is that they risk holding jobs of hosting contents that are non culturally acceptable such as in the instance of the Nazi artefacts demoing up on the company’s French web site and thereby signaling difference due to local civilization. The Gallic representatives. chiefly LICRA finds Yahoo as back uping improper act of hosting Nazi and other hateful contents which is against the Nazi Symbols Act. The symbols associated with Hitler’s Nazis are attractive to bigots on the Web because they suggest antisemitism in an immediate. forceful manner to the general populace ( Poisoning the Web. n. d. ) . Based on the struggle in ideas between the US based company and their Gallic subordinate. there are hazards that are involved in supplying foreign subordinates or their communities’ with the authorization to impeach the company’s actions. Harmonizing to the claim of Yahoo their purposes appear guiltless. Therefore. Yahoo is able to take a stance to protect their Freedom of Speech so that they do non see continued accusal associated with hateful contents. Yahoo calls for protection of the First Amendment of the US Constitution which includes the most basic constituent of freedom of look. the right of freedom of address. the right to freedom of address allows persons to show themselves without intervention or restraint by the authorities ( First Amendment. 2010 ) . The information on the First Amendment of the US Constitution is of import for Yahoo to utilize in defence of the hazards that they could see from their accusers who have see them as disobeying the Anti-Nazi Ac t and Gallic Torahs that prohibited the show of Nazi contents and other hateful stuff. Analyze Yahoo’s societal duty from a stakeholder position Yahoo’s societal duty in this instance will hold a negative consequence on the stakeholder position and their capacity for prosperity due to the struggle laid out in the cases by Yahoo and LICRA. Yahoo is responsible for supplying societal duty to their clients. by supplying safe merchandises at sensible costs. However. Yahoo was accused of demoing auctions of Nazi contents on the company’s U. S. -based Website which was accessible by Gallic users and therefore Yahoo was condemned by Gallic Holocaust subsisters. Yahoo’s societal duty is besides negative due to its Acts of the Apostless that are found by LICRA as disobeying local Torahs and imposts. Yokel made advancement in a countersuit against LICRA which accused that the French’s determination was in misdemeanor of the Communication. Decency Act. and Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Article 10 of the convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Yahoo’s countersuits provide stakeholders with assurance in the organisations ability to get the better of the restraints of the case. Yahoo’s stance in taking on a countersuit is a strong defence which creates chance to recover regard for the company and their stakeholders without admiting a prejudice purpose or mention to Nazi auctions. Take a place on whether Yahoo acted in a mode that was ethically and socially responsible. In the instance Yahoo versus subsisters of the holocaust who is peculiarly Judaic pupils. the company did non run into the high anticipation degree of ethical and societal responsible criterions. This is due to the auction of stuffs that are intolerant. The web shows of Nazi contents and other hateful stuffs which were found on Yahoo web site are unethical and improper. MNCs are responsible to move in a societal responsible manner ; this includes operating within a certain parametric quantity. There is therefore a demand for the company to respond rapidly toward such contents of hatred so that they will protect the company’s image and mission without sing accusal. Neo-Nazis usage the Web to market ware. selling points emblazoned with the immediately recognizable symbols of Hitler’s Nazi party†¦ Like the T-shirt a music fan might purchase at a stone concert. one shirt reads Adolf Hitler European Tour 1939 1945 ( Poisoning the Web. n. d. ) . Based on such negative purposes. Yahoo is obliged to take serious future stairss to insulate neo-Nazi contents from the web site to protect the company’s image and advance societal duty and moralss by reprobating those that misuse the web to distribute hatred. Besides excepting Nazi-era memorabilia from the company’s French-language portal. explicate two extra concern schemes to turn to the issues faced by Yahoo every bit good as the hazards associated with implementing those schemes. Besides excepting Nazi epoch memorabilia from the company’s Gallic linguistic communication portal. it is of import that Yahoo applies extra concern schemes to turn to the issues faced by the company. One scheme that could profit the organisation is the Strategic planning which is the alliance of organisational capablenesss with awaited environmental alterations in the chase of end attainment ( Fatehi. 2008 ) . This scheme is of import because it will supply Yahoo with the apprehension of their environment and the forces that are likely to find how they secure resources and achieve ends. However. there is a downside to this scheme and it is the hazards involved in be aftering scheme which is someway limited to the extent of troubles that can happen as Yahoo expands globally. The multiplicity of cultural. sociopolitical. legal. and economic environments creates quantitative and qualitative troubles ( Fatehi. 2008 ) . The jobs that are likely to originate from Yahoo’s internationalisation are hazardous and there is a opportunity that the house will see extra complexness that is outside of their strategic planning due to new jobs can be a load to the MNC. Cultural facets of scheme are of import schemes and will be the 2nd concern scheme that will turn to Yahoo’s jobs in their foreign markets. This scheme is of import because civilization plays a critical function in commanding MNCs to break back up them in accomplishing their ends ( Fatehi. 2008 ) . In most concern state of affairss persons are expected to use self control and abide by civilization norms. Cultural facet of scheme is an of import influence in finding the firm’s function in globalisation and commanding its foreign operations. The hazards of using civilization facets of scheme is that the cultural difference are huge and vary in construct. Therefore. there is a demand for Yahoo to run into cultural differences peculiarly by understanding the ideas of foreign civilizations. Without understanding the outlook and beliefs of a certain civilization where they operate. Yokel is likely to reencounter troubles similar to the Nazi artifacts auction. Therefore. the hazard of cultural facets of scheme will develop troubles due to complications from assorted cultural differences which should be control in order to advance the company’s international aims. Predict the effects had Yahoo complied with LICRA’s initial demands. There would hold been limited effects for Yahoo if they had complied with LICRA’s initial demands to take Nazi contents from their web site. Alternatively. Yahoo ab initio responded that they had complied with Gallic jurisprudence on this issue and that there website did hold a show or auction of hateful contents or Nazi stuffs. The instance was ab initio made by LICRA bear downing Yahoo with illicitly hosting auctions of Nazism. thenceforth. the Gallic tribunal gave Yahoo a warning to barricade Gallic occupants from sing Nazi auction or face mulcts. Yahoo adhering to LICRA would hold violated their constitutional rights to protect free address in the US Constitution. Thus. Yahoo would put on the line holding to turn to serious issues from their place state about freedom of imperativeness which is linked to freedom of address in the US fundamental law. The right to freedom of the imperativeness guaranteed by the first amendment is non really different from the right to freedom of address ; it allows an person to show themselves through publication and airing ; it is portion of the constitutional protection of freedom of look ; and it does non afford members of the media any particular rights or privileges non afforded to citizens in general ( First Amendment. 2010 ) . Yahoo faces the possibility of running into farther jobs from their users who could utilize the First Amendment as a deal power to utilize the web site without compromising their constitutional rights. It is nevertheless a limited effect if Yahoo is able to react early to users or jurisprudence hatchet mans on the contents display on their web sites. this will avoid disbursals for cases and avoid challenges in procuring grosss for stakeholders. Mentions:1. Fatehi. K. ( 2008 ) . Pull offing internationally: Succeeding in a culturally diverse universe ( 1st ed. ) . Thousand Oaks. CA: Sage Publications Ltd. 2. First Amendment ( 2010 ) Cornell University’s Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 5/26/2012 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. jurisprudence. Cornell. edu/wex/First_amendment 3. Poisoning the Web: Hatred Online ( n. d. ) Neo-Nazis: Stormtroopers of the Web. Retrieved 5/26/2012 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. adl. org/poisoning_web/neo_nazi. asp

'Memory is simply biased, inaccurate history.' Discuss Essay

'Memory is simply biased, inaccurate history.' Discuss - Essay Example Memory denotes a distinctive and new field of study and a new method of conceptualization of the history as a generic field of inquiry (Cubitt, 2007). History is fundamentally remembered by the new generation by reading the accounts of the historians. It is not uncommon to find the pieces of literature giving completely different information from each other though they are all related to the same event. The main reason why there is so much difference between the historic accounts related to the same events is that different historians have made their accounts solely depending on their own memories. This paper discusses the statement â€Å"memory is simply biased, inaccurate history† drawing upon the elements that incorporate biasness in the memory and make its status as history inaccurate. In the recent years, the notion of memory has attained the status of a leading term in the cultural history. The notion of memory is used with varying levels of sophistication and is practic ed more than theorized. It has been used to study the memory of people that experienced such great and memorable events as the Holocaust survivors (Confino, 1997, p. 1386). In addition to that, memory has denoted past’s representation and its making into a knowledge of shared culture by the successive generations in such vehicles of memory as films, books, commemorations, and different forms and mediums of literature. The pageantry surrounding the British monarchy in the manifestations of its public ceremonies are seemingly the most ancient and related to an immemorial past. It is a product of the last two centuries in its modern form. Traditions that claim to be ancient are sometimes invented or are recently made. People who know about the colleges of the ancient British universities can visualize these traditions on a local scale (Hobsbawm, 1983, p. 1). Along with the rapid advancement of the world, the study of nationalism has also undergone a massive transformation in ter ms of scale, quantity, method, and level of sophistication (Anderson, 1983, p. xii). There is a tendency in human beings known as confirmation bias that causes them to favor the information by which their beliefs are confirmed. People make use of the confirmation bias upon collecting or remembering the information in a selective manner or while interpreting the information in a biased manner. Issues that are emotionally charged have a stronger effect as well as for the beliefs that are deeply entrenched. For instance, people generally use the sources that are in favor of their existing attitudes towards and perceptions of politics. Ambiguous evidence is also interpreted as supportive of people’s existing position. Memory, biased research, and interpretation have all been summoned to explain the polarization of behavior when different parties have the same evidence and yet they disagree with one another, perseverance of belief when it persists after the evidence has turned out to be false, illusionary correlation 0when people misunderstand the link between different events and situations, and the irrational primacy effect that refers to a greater reliance on the earlier encountered information in a series. During the 1960s, a series of experiments showed how biased people are toward supporting their current beliefs. Results of these researches were re-interpreted later as a tendency to evaluate the concepts in a one-sided

Nursing theory in practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing theory in practice - Essay Example The purpose of Orem’s theory relates to the holistic approach to nursing. According to Orem, a human being is someone who â€Å"is an integrated whole composed of an internal physical, psychologic, and social nature with varying degree of self-care ability† (Bridge, Cabell & Herring, 2007). The essence of the theory is that all patients are able to take care of themselves. The role of nursing is this regard is that nursing serves as an art, which allows nurses to provide specialized care to people with disabilities of such a nature that more than usual care is required for fulfilling the daily needs of self-care and to intelligently take part in the delivery of care from the physician to the patient. In Orem’s perspectives the environment can be considered as a collection of various dimensions, which include physical, chemical and biologic features and socioeconomic features. The socioeconomic aspect of the environment primarily encompasses the family and the com munity and includes elements such as gender and age roles, norms, and cultural values. On the other hand, the physical, chemical and biologic features would entail the atmosphere, pollutants, weather conditions and pets amongst other factors (Bridge, Cabell & Herring, 2007). ... However, critics have come to common grounds with respect to the world view of the theory. It is common consensus that Orem’s perspective on the interaction between the person and the world is representative of the reciprocal interaction world view. Orem further regards her world view as an illustration of moderate realism (Bridge, Cabell & Herring, 2007). This entails that human beings are actively involved in an ongoing process of development and are struggling for their self-ideal, along with the owner of absolutely human traits like free will (Banfield, 2008). The theory presents the notion that people are able to maintain their life and well-being by caring for themselves (O’Connell, 2009). Orem classified the needs and requirements of the patients into three groups. These include the universal self-care deficits, developmental self-care deficits and health deviation requisites. The critique of SCDNT ranges from it being explicit and simple to generality. According to Marriner-Tomey and Alligood (2006) the terms that Orem has used in the description of the theory are very precise. The language that has been utilized is in compliance with the language deployed in action theory and philosophy. Moreover, the entire length of the theory conforms to a congruency in the usage of the terminologies. This can be exemplified from the fact that the term self-care has an array of meanings in different contexts. However Orem’s dexterity lies in her ability to precisely put forth a definition of self-care which is not only uniquely presented, but does not conflict with other interpretations of the concept. Critics have also