Providing An Enabling Environment Children And Young People Essay Essay Example

Providing An Enabling Environment Children And Young People Essay Essay The rule of supplying an enabling environment is that kids learn and develop in enabling environment, the environment plays a critical function in back uping kids s single demands in acquisition and development, strong partnerships between practicians and parents is a positive start to supplying an enabling environment. The wellness and safety of the environment is critical to guarantee the safeguarding and well-being of the kids. Babies and kids will experience emotionally safe and secure and will develop and larn most efficaciously. A genuinely enabling environment provides the stimulation and the positive relationships that support kids to experience safe plenty to research. A good early childhood environment meets the kid s basic demands and supports and encourages kids to prosecute in activities that implement the plan s course of study. Further, the environment is designed to enable staff to ease the optimal acquisition for their kids. Finally, the environment makes parents and defenders feel welcome, involved, and empowered. In this essay I will look at how to organize a safe, but disputing environment for kids. Explain the practician s function within the wider multi-agency environment. Describe the regulative demands that must be followed when organizing an environment for kids in the early old ages. Measure the effectivity of the environment in run intoing kids s single demands. There are a figure of of import rules to believe about when you are be aftering for a safe environment for kids and immature people. When fixing environments for kids, it is of import to see their age and phase of development. We besides need to see whether the environment meets the demands of the single kids. Children develop at different rates. Some kids need more ambitious activities while others may necessitate a different type of activity or different resources detecting single kids to see how they engage with the environment will assist us to be after suitably. Every kid is an single with different demands depending on their age and abilities. You must believe about this when planning activities, for illustration when they involve physical drama, or if more consideration must be given to the demands of a kid who has merely become nomadic than to an older kid, when be aftering room layouts. Some kids have specific demands such as centripetal damages ; for illustration think abou t the challenges to a kid with limited hearing understanding accounts about safety. The different demands of households and carers must be considered. You should ever see the kid s safety and public assistance in your head when planning. Every kid and immature individual has a right to a safe and unafraid environment. Before get downing any activity it is of import that you take into history the wellness and safety demands of all kids, guaranting that the environment is free of any jeopardies and it is safe for kids to play. Health and safety is the most valuable factor to see when be aftering a safe and ambitious environment for kids s acquisition and development to take topographic point. Developmental demands of kids are besides a factor to see ; as kids grow and develop in different phases, so it is of import to see the developmental demands and abilities of kids when be aftering an environment for kids. Thingss we should see when planning is: Physical Emotional Social Intellectual Handiness Safety and supervising of babies and yearlings is a cardinal function to supplying a safe environment. All registered suppliers must run into the lower limit demands for infinite within their environment and staff ratios. Meeting staff ratios ensures the safety of kids, failure to run into these ratios could do accidents and hurts ( Open Study College Early Years Level 3 PG50 ) By following all these points we abide with the legal duty to the responsibility of attention. Staff ratios as follows: 1:3 kids under 2 old ages 1:4 kids aged 2 old ages 1:8 kids aged 3-5 old ages When be aftering for a healthy and safe indoor environment suites should be organised to restrict the safety, infinite is besides a critical factor to see, by guaranting there is sufficient infinite in relation to the figure of kids who will be utilizing it within the environment. This allows kids to travel around easy and comfortably. Child from birth to two old ages require 3.5m2 infinite per kid, kids aged two to three old ages old require 2.5m2 infinite per kid, and kids aged three to five old ages require 2.3m2 infinite per kid. ( Open Study College Early Years Level 3 ) Multi bureau working is when a figure of professionals work together to supply support in run intoing the single demands of kids. The wider community plays a critical function in kids s acquisition and development. Practitioners need to work together across services for illustration working in partnership with wellness visitants, general practicians, societal workers, physical therapists, and address and linguistic communication healer. To outdo support kids and their households all these groups need to pass on good, listen carefully to all concerned and to set the kids s demands first. ( Open Study College- Early Years Level 3 -V1.0 PG 40, 66 ) Harmonizing to ( The CAF procedure 26 April 2012 ) The CAF is a four-step procedure whereby practicians can place a kid s or immature individual s demands early, assess those demands holistically, deliver coordinated services and reexamine advancement. The CAF is designed to be used when a practician is worried about how good a kid or immature individual is come oning ( e.g. concerns about their wellness, development, public assistance, behavior, advancement in larning or any other facet of their well-being ) a kid or immature individual, or their parent/carer, raises a concern with a practician a kid s or immature individual s demands are ill-defined, or broader than the practician s service can turn to. The EY. Statutory model provides ordinances that all early old ages puting must follow with when supplying an environment for kids. Health and safety statute laws play a cardinal function on the proviso of an environment and must be followed by all employers with the scene. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974- all employers have legal duties under the Health and Safety at Work at 1974. Employers must run into certain regulations to guarantee that wellness and safety is implemented and to do certain everyone at work is safe within the environment. As practicians everyone in the child care puting must cognize what their wellness and safety policies in the scenes are. In a child care puting the undermentioned guidelines apply: edifices should be in good status and designed with the safety of users in head edifices and milieus should be clean and safe and equipment must be safely used and stored. This act helps keep healthy, safe and unafraid environments as is precautions both the kids and the grownups working with them. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health ( COSHH ) COSHH is the jurisprudence that all employers must follow in respects to harmful substances. ( COSHH Regulations 1999 ) states Hazardous substances are anything that can harm your wellness when you work with them if they are non decently controlled. Most scenes use cleaning merchandises or have other merchandises that are risky. While caring for kids early twelvemonth s workers may hold to manage crisp changing, or clean up after toileting or other accidents. In order to understate the hazard to wellness, it is of import to be cognizant of jeopardies in the environment. It is indispensable to utilize protective equipment such as baseball mitts and masks, if utilizing risky substances. All merchandises that are used by kids, including playthings, must be in a good status and moderately safe to utilize. All kids are protected by safety Torahs. Assorted symbols are used to bespeak playthings and equipment are safe and suited for kids of peculiar ages. The kitemark symbol is used in the United Kingdom to guarantee that merchandises are safe and suited. Harmonizing to Writer: John Rowlinson 21 December 2012 ) when you see a plaything or merchandise with a Kitemark this means that the British Standards Institution has independently tested it, has confirmed that the merchandise conforms to the relevant British Standard The CE Mark symbol includes the name and reference of the first provider, was required by jurisprudence to look on all playthings placed on the market in the European Union on and after January 1990. The Lion Mark was developed in 1988 by the British Toy A ; Hobby Association as a symbol of plaything safety and quality for the consumer. The king of beasts grade for retail merchants By exposing this mark the retail merchant is stating that all merchandises in the store meet a certain criterion of safety. This symbol displayed in the store, in catalogues and in retail merchant advertisement, indicates that the retail merchant has agreed to the Code of Practice. Practitioners need to see that the playthings they provide for kids to play with meet their demands of their single age and phase of development. Practitioners should see when taking contributions or purchasing 2nd manus playthings, excess attention is needed to guarantee that they are safe and run into the current ordinances. Avoid plaything which are a hazard to kids choking e.g. , toys with little constituents or parts which detach, avoid plaything with crisp points, and borders or finger traps, besides check playthings have non become perilously worn. Safety equipment is used within the early twelvemonth s scenes to advance the safety and well-being of the kids. Regular cheque on all safety equipment should be carried out, and the industries instructions should be closely followed. It is considered as good pattern to purchase new equipment, as it will corroborate with the latest safety ordinances. Below is a list of the safety equipment normally found in the early twelvemonth s scenes: Stair gates- prevent babes and kids from falling down the steps. Electric plus covers- prevent kids from seting their fingers or objects into sockets. High chairs- helps immature kids to sit safely at mealtimes, they will hold safety harnesses to maintain the kid secure. Window locks- prevent kids from falling out, opening or go forthing the premises. Radiator covers- to forestall kids from touching the radiators when switched on and firing themselves. Early old ages premises should guarantee high degrees of security around the edifice to maintain kids safe at all times. Entrance doors should be kept locked at all times and controlled by staff members to guarantee the safety, scenes are required to maintain a record of visitants, doing certain they are subscribing in an out at all times staff should to the full oversee visitants at all times whilst on premises. Children should merely be allowed to go forth the scene with an authorized person that has been identified by the kid s parents prior to get downing the scene. In my scene where I antecedently worked we had to guarantee that all kids in our edifice are safe and have a secure environment, we had certain security agreements in topographic point, we had two mechanical doors which can merely be opened from the interior of the edifice and as a security dismay system fitted which sounds whenever the door opens, we besides had a policy about acquiring information from parents who c an roll up the kid, names and images were taken prior to the kid get downing the babys room. Environments need to be suitably heated and ventilated to forestall the spread of infection and to guarantee a good supply of fresh air to kids. Lighting should be appropriate for clear visibleness and to enable kids to work in comfort. The administration of the furniture and activities is of import in advancing the safety of the kids and supplying an enabling environment. When be aftering the scene of the environment fire issues should be clear of obstructions to enable safe emptying if necessary, the layout of the environment should be adaptable for kids with disablements, the layout of the furniture and resources should let sufficient infinite around the scene for kids to travel about more easy. Hazards and jeopardies hazards and jeopardies are found within all workplaces ; within an early old ages puting there can be hazards and jeopardies for kids, staff members and visitants. A jeopardy is something a kid does non see, is something that has the possible to do injury, whereas a hazard is a challenge a kid can see, and chooses to set about it or non, hazard is the likely or possible result of the jeopardy. A hazard appraisal is a legal demand which is used to place possible jeopardies within the environment. Hazard appraisals are of import within the early twelvemonth s scenes to guarantee the safety and public assistance of all the persons in the scene of kids. Hazard pickings is of import for kids it gives them a opportunity to take on a personal duty when kids learn how to take hazards ; they besides learn how to believe independently. The function of the practician in hazard pickings is decide what is safe for the kids and so to oversee the kids in taking the hazard. A s kids become older practicians can promote kids how to maintain themselves safe. Practitioners working with kids need to be the 1s to command the hazard, taking history the single demands of kids. Babies and immature kids have basic demands that must be met for them to develop and maturate. For kids, these indispensable demands include warm, lovingness, and antiphonal grownups ; a sense of importance and significance ; a manner to associate to the universe around them ; chances to travel and play ; and people to assist construction and back up their acquisition. The emotional environment is more than physical infinite because it contains the emotions of the kids who spend clip in it, the staff that work at that place and the parents who leave their kids. Keeping positive feelings is of import for kids to experience safe in the emotional environment. The emotional environment plays a cardinal function in run intoing kids s single demands. Practitioners within the scene should guarantee that the scene is warm, loving, secure and accepting topographic point to be for everyone, non merely for kids. Practitioners should promote kids to show themselves by giving them opportunity to speak and by actively listening to them. Harmonizing to ( Martine Horvath Sunday March 03 2013 ) When kids know that their feelings are accepted, they feel safe. The indoor environment will hold an immediate consequence on kids larning and development. The indoor environment should be good equipped with high quality resources ; indoor infinite demands careful planning as it needs to be flexible to suit kids s single demands. Environments should be attractive and do kids experience safe and unafraid and happy to be at that place. Children learn through drama, researching their environment and get downing to happen out about the universe around them. Play theorist Bob Hughes identified 16 different types of drama. Early old ages scenes need to supply a separate room for babes, but should be given regular contact to see older kids to assist advance their societal and emotional development, as kids some older, they require a balance of structured activity every bit good as the ability to originate their ain drama. The out-of-door environment holds equal value to the indoor environment and provides many chances for larning and development. Children gain tremendous benefits from larning out-of-doorss, ideally they should hold entree to outdoor infinite on a day-to-day footing, non all kids will derive entree to a garden or outer infinite within their place, and hence they should be given the chance to research the out-of-door environment whilst at their scene. The outdoor can supply development chances for kids socially intellectually, physically, and emotionally. Bing out-of-doorss supports assurance and self-pride. Outdoor drama chances will be different depending in the age of the kid. We will write a custom essay sample on Providing An Enabling Environment Children And Young People Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Providing An Enabling Environment Children And Young People Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Providing An Enabling Environment Children And Young People Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Child development theoretician Jean Piaget ( 1896-1980 ) , believed Children concept an apprehension of the universe around them, so see disagreements between what they already know and what they discover in their environment ( by Saul McLeod published 2009, updated 2012 ) Decision When it comes to kids and immature people, both the safety and the stimulating facets of the environment should be considered at the same clip. Every kid and immature individual has the right to a safe environment and kids must hold the chance of turning up and developing in an environment that is as healthy and safe as possible. An enabling environment will back up and ease acquisition and development for kids. Children within the early old ages scenes are actively encouraged to research the indoor and out-of-door environment every bit, painstaking practicians and cardinal workers will back up acquisition as kids freely engage and interact with their milieus. Referecences hypertext transfer protocol: //www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/Development-Matters.pdf Greenman, J. ( 1988 ) .A Caring infinites, larning topographic points: Children s environments that work.A Redmond, A WA: Exchange Press. Available online: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx? ArticleID=294 By Martine Horvath Sunday March 03 available online: hypertext transfer protocol: //eyfs.info/articles/article.php? Enabling-Environments-64 The CAF procedure updated 26 April 2012 available online: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.education.gov.uk/childrenandyoungpeople/strategy/integratedworking/caf/a0068957/the-caf-process hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lboro.ac.uk/research/design4health/outputs/d4h_main_home/Intro/Legal/COSHH/coshh.html OPEN STUDY COLLEGE EARLY YEARS LEVEL 3 STUDY GUIDE NCFE INVESTING IN QUALITY hypertext transfer protocol: //www.practicalpreschoolbooks.com/Content/Site120/FilesSamples/742978190724118_00000000380.pdf Writer: John Rowlinson Updated: 21 December 2012 Safety Marks: What Do They Mean? onlineA hypertext transfer protocol: //www.safekids.co.uk/toysafetymarks.html

Hassium Facts - Hs or Element 108

Hassium Facts - Hs or Element 108 Element atomic number 108 is hassium, which has the element symbol Hs. Hassium is one of the manmade or synthetic radioactive elements. Only about 100 atoms of this element have been produced so there is not a lot of experimental data for it. Properties are predicted based on the behavior of other elements in the same element group. Hassium is expected to be a metallic silver or gray metal at room temperature, much like the element osmium. All of the isotopes of hassium are radioactive. Martin Diebel / Getty Images Here are interesting facts about this rare metal: Discovery:  Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Munzenber and co-workers produced hassium at GSI in Darmstadt, Germany in 1984. The GSI team bombarded a lead-208 target with iron-58 nuclei. However, Russian scientists had attempted to synthesize hassium in 1978 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. Their initial data was inconclusive, so they repeated the experiments five years later, producing Hs-270, Hs-264, and Hs-263. Element Name:  Before its official discovery, hassium was referred to as element 108, eka-osmium or unniloctium. Hassium was the subject of a naming controversy over which team should be given official credit for discovering element 108. The 1992 IUPAC/IUPAP Transfermium Working Group (TWG) recognized the GSI team, stating that their work was more detailed. Peter Armbruster and his colleagues proposed the name hassium from the Latin  Hassias  meaning Hess or Hesse, the German state, where this element was first produced. In 1994, an IUPAC committee recommended making the elements name hahnium (Hn) in honor of the German physicist Otto Hahn. This was despite the convention of allowing the discovering team the right to suggest a name. The German discoverers and the American Chemical Society (ACS) protested the name change and the IUPAC finally allowed element 108 to be officially named hassium (Hs) in 1997. Atomic Number:  108 Symbol:  Hs Atomic Weight:  [269] Group: Group 8, d-block element, transition metal Electron Configuration:  [Rn] 7s2  5f14  6d6 Appearance:  Hassium is believed to be a dense solid metal at room temperature and pressure. If enough of the element were produced, it is expected it would have a shiny, metallic appearance. Its possible hassium could be even more dense than the heaviest known element, osmium. The predicted density of hassium is  41  g/cm3. Properties: Its likely hassium reacts with oxygen in air to form a volatile tetraoxide. Following periodic law, hassium should be the heaviest element in group 8 of the periodic table. It is predicted that hassium has a high melting point, crystallizes in the hexagonal close-packed structure (hcp), and has a bulk modulus (resistance to compression) on par with diamond (442 GPa). Differences between hassium and its homologue osmium would likely be due to relativistic effects. Sources:  Hassium was first synthesized by bombarding lead-208 with iron-58 nuclei. Only 3 atoms of hassium were produced at this time. In 1968, Russian scientist Victor Cherdyntsev claimed to have discovered naturally-occurring hassium in a sample of  molybdenite, but this was not verified. To date, hassium has not been found in nature. The short half-lives of the known isotopes of hassium mean no primordial hassium could have survived to the present day. However, its still possible nuclear isomers or isotopes with longer half-lives might be found in trace quantities. Element Classification:  Hassium is a transition metal that  is expected to have properties similar to those of the platinum group of transition metals. Like the other elements in this group, hassium is expected to have oxidation states of 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2. The 8, 6, 4, and 2 states will likely be the most stable, based on the elements electron configuration. Isotopes:  12 isotopes of hassium are known, from masses  263 to 277. All of them are radioactive. The most stable isotope is  Hs-269, which has a half-life of 9.7 seconds. Hs-270 is of particular interest because it possesses magic number of nuclear stability. The atomic number 108 is a proton magic number for deformed (nonspherical) nuclei, while 162 is a neutron magic number for deformed nuclei. This doubly magic nucleus has a low decay energy compared with other hassium isotopes. More research is needed to determine whether or not Hs-270 is an isotope in the proposed island of stability. Health Effects:  While the platinum group metals tend not to be particularly toxic, hassium presents a health risk because of its significant radioactivity. Uses:  At present, hassium is only used for research. Sources Emsley, John (2011). Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements (New ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 215–7. ISBN 978-0-19-960563-7.Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). Transactinides and the future elements. In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean. The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer ScienceBusiness Media. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.Names and symbols of transfermium elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1994).  Pure and Applied Chemistry  66  (12): 2419. 1994.Mà ¼nzenberg, G.; Armbruster, P.; Folger, H.; et al. (1984). The identification of element 108 (PDF). Zeitschrift fà ¼r Physik A. 317 (2): 235–236. doi:10.1007/BF01421260Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Ter-Akopian, G. M.; Pleve, A. A.; et al. (1978). ОÐ ¿Ã'‹Ã'‚Ã'‹ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ¸Ã ½Ã'‚Ð µÃ ·Ã'Æ' 108 Ã' Ã »Ã µÃ ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã'‚Ð ° Ð ² Ã'€Ð µÃ °Ã ºÃ'†Ð ¸Ã ¸ [Experiments on the sy nthesis of element 108 in the 226Ra48Ca reaction] (in Russian). Joint Institute for Nuclear Research.

Definition and Examples of the Straw Man Fallacy

Definition and Examples of the Straw Man Fallacy The straw man is a  fallacy in which an opponents argument is overstated or misrepresented in order to be more easily attacked or refuted. The technique often takes quotes out of context or, more often, incorrectly paraphrases or summarizes an opponents position. Then after defeating the position, the attacker claims to have beaten the real thing. Although the term straw man is a recent coinage, the concept is ancient. In the Topics, Aristotle acknowledges that in argument it would be inappropriate to interpret as someones position an opinion that he did not express or is not committed to, in virtue of what he said (Douglas Walton, Methods of Argumentation). The name of the fallacy represents the idea that although a straw man may look like a human, it wont put up any resistance in a fight. The straw man fallacy also goes by the name Aunt Sally, particularly in Great Britain. Straw Man in Commercials Commercials make use of straw man fallacies. In the famous Wheres the beef? Wendys campaign, the commercials exaggerate the tiny amount of meat that other chains use in their burgers to show how much bigger and better its burgers are. Straw Man in Politics Straw man has always been the stock-in-trade of advertisers and political smear campaigns, illustrate authors Nancy Cavender and Howard Kahane in their book Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric. A group called Common Sense Issues made a million automated phone calls to voters in the 2008 South Carolina primaries claiming that John McCain has voted to use unborn babies in medical research. This was a gross distortion of his position to support research on stem cells gathered from embryos (12th ed. Wadsworth, 2014). During the 2016 presidential campaign, Donald Trump claimed that Hillary Clinton was for open borders. He took a comment out of context from a speech she gave to a Brazilian bank about trade and energy to twist it into a statement that preyed on some peoples fears of immigrants. He claimed she wanted people to be able to enter the border without going through any kind of process at all, which isnt true. His sound-byte distortion likely had an effect on voters, as immigration was a big issue in the campaign, and his repetition of the claim was easier to remember than her stances about nuances in the complex issue. Sometimes people morph the straw man into a warning about a slippery slope where allowing one side to win would put humanity on a course of destruction. Any time someone begins an attack with So youre saying we should all just... or Everyone knows..., you can bet a straw man is coming, wrote author David McRaney. Straw men can also be born out of ignorance. If someone says, Scientists tell us we all come from monkeys, and thats why I homeschool, this person is using a straw man, because science doesnt say we all come from monkeys. (You Are Not So Smart.  Penguin, 2011) Countering the Straw Man To refute a straw man attack during a debate, point out the fallacy and how it is incorrect. If you ignore it and the attacker keeps harping on it, the real issue could get buried in the straw. If you try and defend what the opponent said is your position, it gets increasingly difficult to show how the opponent distorted your views.

The Battle to be Top Dog PetSmart vs. Petco Essay

The Battle to be Top Dog PetSmart vs. Petco - Essay Example This created the popularity of the company and improved the customers trust in the benefit of the company. Handling competition is not an easy job and it needs committed resources of manual labor, system, and financial plan. Any trail off from a company would lead in decline of market share and profit. This made the Petsmart advance, widens its market thus included services such as, adoption, training, veterinary, grooming, day care, and more so pet hotel. . The article illustrates how Petsmart has vastly managed to strike equilibrium between being wholly alert on availability and pricing, which is highly vital in competing with strong merchandisers and looking into value added- services. The previous year the company groomed 7.5 million dogs, a 16% increase over the year before. It provided 378,000 training classes, another 16% increase. Overall, services are to generate $450 million sales this year, about 10% of the companys $4.5 billion total, but representing 26% annual growth since the initiation of the strategy in 2000. The structure of the company itself is a competitive strategy since it pleases the sight of the customer and the pet. For example, the inner dà ©cor was in blue color, decorated with brick and sliding to be attractive to the public. Petco uses a highly different approach compared to Petsmart. It Diversifies its market products Moreso for other animals not necessarily pets products. It recently introduced a â€Å"reptile rendezvous†. This Includes, the demonstration of products, and the photo contest. This strategy has improved its income since the effectiveness of the program pleases customers. Although petco has not embraced the services aggressively like Petsmart, it features grooming services and more so providing doggie day care at various locations. These Strategies have made it succeed thus withstanding the stiff competition from the Petsmart. Other sources say

Trouble Brews at Starbucks Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Trouble Brews at Starbucks - Case Study Example However, in 2007, trouble began when the company performance began to decline. It reported a reduction in the number of customer visits in the United States leading to a 50 percent drop in share price (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor 45). In two quarters growth remained flat and declined in the fourth quarter. This led to rehiring of Howard Schultz, who was viewed as a visionary leader. This was done on the purpose of restoring Starbuck’s premier brand. To this end, this paper analyzes this company to understand how it can regain its earlier status. In the industry, the level of competition is very high. Some of the major competitors for this company include the Tully’s coffee, Caribou Coffee and Gloria Jean’s. Although, there are a high number of competitors, the industry is dominated by the mentioned competitors. In Starbucks case, there are new entries and other firms in the market. The company’s new competitor is McDonalds’ â€Å"McCafe†. Competitors are likely to enter this industry because the startup cost is low. McDonald has the ability to create its distinct product that will help it tap in the coffee market. A store that can successfully enter the market has the potential to make profits. Fortunately, the company’s location limits new entrants. Also, the existence of differentiated brands enables the company to increase the switching costs for customers. For Starbuck, the sheer scale has helped reduce the buyers bargaining power (Romney n.pag.). There is no single group that influences the purchase of the company’s products in large quantities. Also, there are different options as a result of a high number of competitors. In addition, the products that can substitute coffee are in of a variety. This threat is high for the company. The purchase of bottled coffee is seen as inexpensive rather than opting for the company’s mug coffee. There are also products that can be used instead of coffee. They

Essay --

Q 1: Discuss how the SEC has influence (if any) over the audit of Smackey Dog Food, Inc Solution: SEC has a significant influence on the audit of Smackey Dog Food, Inc because it sets certain auditing standards that need to be adhered to while conducting and audit of any organization. One of the standards is ensuring a professional independence of auditors as they carry out their audit. Keller CPA would be more objective in their opinion by maintaining independence in all maters and be free from conflict of interest in performing their professional engagement. Thus, although SEC does not possess direct control over privately held companies like Smackey, it, however, sets up generally accounting principles and disclosure requirements for all auditors to follow in order to prevent fraud and misstatement and to ensure fairness to users of audited financial statements for investment purposes or decision making. Therefore, Keller CPA would be required to follow the six generally accepted auditing standards established by ASB of the AICPA with regards to field work and reporting which were established through the influence of SEC. (Arens, Alvin A., Elder, Randall J., and Beasley 2012 p. 31) Q2: Discuss the essential activities involved in the initial planning of an audit. How do these all specifically relate to Smackey Dog Food client? Solution: Keller CPA would first understand the clients’ industry operations and in particular how the clients’ business functions. This understanding will set the stage for assessing clients’ business risk, risk of significant and material misstatement of the client’s financial positions and the overall audit risk. The four major part of audit planning are: (i) Understanding internal control operatio... ...ble to third parties. Liability under SEC can also arise as well as violation of SAS 99 by not exercising professional skepticism. (Arens, Alvin A., Elder, Randall J., and Beasley. 2012. P. 115-116) REFERENCIES Arens, Alvin A., Elder, Randall J., and Beasley, Mark S. (2012). Auditing and Assurance Services: An integrated Approach. 14th ed. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Hall PCAOB (Public Company Oversight Board), Auditing Standard number 9, audit planning, retrieved 1/22/14 http://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/Pages/Auditing_Standard_9.aspx AICPA (American Institute of CPAs) Section 50, Principles of Professional Conduct, retrieved 1/17/14 http://www.aicpa.org/Research/Standards/CodeofConduct/Pages/et_52.aspx

How Effective Are Integrated Working and Multi-Agency Working?

Integrated working is when different services join together to offer more effective care for babies and young children, where multi-agency working is when different services work together to meet particular needs of babies and young children, along with their parents and/or carers. Multi-agency teams are made up of members of the children’s workforce drawn from a range of different disciplines who met for specific reasons on a regular basis; all the professionals will have joint aims and goals.It is a way that ensures that those children and young people that need additional support will have exactly the right professionals in place for them to be supported in the correct way. The benefits of integrated and multi-agency work are that it enables early identification and intervention of any needs that the children may have, as well as ways to better support their parents and carers. It allows children and their parents to have easier and quicker access to professional’s e xpertise and the services that they offer.With the services all working together it provides a better quality of service and means that children and their parents do not need to repeat themselves to each of the professionals that they work with, instead the professionals will already have the information. Multi-agency work also allows children and their families’ needs to be addressed more appropriately. As the child’s needs are addressed sooner and the correct support is given to them to help with their needs, the child will have an improved achievement and better engagement within education.The use the Common Assessment Framework which allows an early and initial assessment of the child’s needs for any extra services and support, and once this is carried out it will be available for all the services. In practice the professionals will put the needs of the child or young person before those of any one service, and also ensure that the service is inclusive and t hat all children’s basic needs are met. Sutton Hill Children’s Centre ensures that all the professionals within the centre identify children with additional needs at an early stage.They also need to ensure that all the information that they have is shared with all the other professionals and that they work together to provide early intervention and that the child receives the necessary support from specialist services as soon as they are identified as needing it. In the Camden Children’s Fund primary school project the school gets access to additional services which go beyond what is normally available and offers preventive and early intervention approaches to children and their families.The have a best practice approaches in place regarding the identifying and assessing of the child’s needs and then designing interventions for the particular child which will help them to improve. Within the practice at Camden Children’s Fund they are currently fin ding it difficult to allocate enough time to be able to carry out the best practice approach, and are trying to resolve this issue through all the agencies coming together and discussing what the best course of action will be.In conclusion integrated and multi-agency work is very beneficial to the child and their family at identifying any needs that the child may have early and providing appropriate and sufficient support to the child and their family that will help them to deal with any needs and support them with any help they may need in the future. It also brings together a wide range of specialist services that can work together with the family so that nothing needs to be repeated, and the child and their family will get the best out of each of the services that are provided.